直接说结论吧，通过宝塔面板安装的postgresql数据库自身是不带扩展的，了所以执行以下命令会出错

create extension pgcrypto;

解决思路：手动安装对应版本的pg数据库，将扩展文件和lib库复制过去

1. 安装数据库

   # Create the file repository configuration:
   sudo sh -c 'echo "deb http://apt.postgresql.org/pub/repos/apt $(lsb_release -cs)-pgdg main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/pgdg.list'
   # Import the repository signing key:
   wget --quiet -O - https://www.postgresql.org/media/keys/ACCC4CF8.asc | sudo apt-key add -
   # Update the package lists:
   sudo apt-get update
   # Install the latest version of PostgreSQL.
   # If you want a specific version, use 'postgresql-12' or similar instead of 'postgresql':
   sudo apt-get -y install postgresql-14

2. 复制扩展文件和lib库

   cp -r /usr/share/postgresql/14/extension/* /www/server/pgsql/share/extension
   cp -r /usr/lib/postgresql/14/lib/* /www/server/pgsql/lib/

3. 安装扩展

   create extension pgcrypto;

   成功

   create extension pgcrypto
   > OK